📖 Chapter 12 of 12 · Green Energy - Advance 2 · Class 9–10
Green Energy Glossary
- Agrivoltaics
- Growing crops under or between raised solar panels so land does two jobs.
- Band gap
- The energy a semiconductor needs to free an electron; it decides which light it can use.
- Bifacial module
- A solar module that also generates from light striking its rear surface.
- Capacity factor
- Annual energy produced divided by the maximum possible if running flat out.
- Carbon capture (CCUS)
- Separating CO₂ from exhaust gases and storing or using it.
- C-rate
- How fast a battery is charged or discharged relative to its capacity.
- Curtailment
- Deliberately reducing clean generation that cannot be used or stored.
- Direct reduced iron (DRI)
- Iron made by removing oxygen from ore in the solid state, using gas or hydrogen.
- Frequency
- The cycles per second of grid AC, held near 50 Hz in India.
- Green bond
- A loan raised specifically to finance climate-friendly projects.
- Green hydrogen
- Hydrogen made by electrolysis using renewable electricity.
- Inertia
- Kinetic energy stored in spinning generators that resists sudden frequency changes.
- Just transition
- Planning new jobs and support for workers and districts as fossil industries wind down.
- LCOE
- Levelised cost of energy: lifetime costs divided by lifetime units generated.
- LFP
- Lithium iron phosphate battery chemistry: safe, long-lived, cobalt-free.
- NMC
- Nickel manganese cobalt battery chemistry: higher energy density, costlier.
- Perovskite
- A crystal family used in high-efficiency solar cells, often stacked on silicon.
- Plasma
- A hot gas of free nuclei and electrons; the state of matter inside a fusion reactor.
- Q factor
- Fusion energy released divided by energy used to heat the plasma.
- Ramping
- How quickly a power plant can change its output.
- Regenerative braking
- Recovering energy while slowing a vehicle by using the motor as a generator.
- Round-trip efficiency
- Energy returned by a store divided by energy put in.
- Shockley–Queisser limit
- The roughly 33% maximum efficiency of a single-junction solar cell.
- Small modular reactor (SMR)
- A smaller, largely factory-built nuclear reactor.
- Tandem cell
- Two solar cells stacked to capture different parts of the spectrum.
- Tokamak
- A doughnut-shaped machine that confines fusion plasma with magnetic fields.
- Triple product
- Density × temperature × confinement time; the target for fusion ignition.
- Well-to-wheel
- Counting energy and emissions from fuel production all the way to the wheels.